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CITIES REVIEW

PHOENICIAN NAMES OF SOME TOPOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS.

’ g r g n t = Akragas, Grigent, Agrigento in Sicily

’ d y l = Idalion, Dhali on Cyprus

’ d q r = Idrica, Aziz Ben Tellis in Algeria

’ d n m = Adnim, Wadi Dréder in Tripolitania

’ d r m t = Adrumetos, Hadrumetum, Sousse in Tunisia

’ z t w d y = Azitawadu, Karatepe in Turkey

’ y b š m = Ebusos, Isle of the balsum-tree, Ibiza

’ g l g l (t) = Igiligili, Isle of the skull, Djidjelli in Algeria

’ y g š ’ = Aigoussa, Favignana near Sicily

’ y ḥ l = Iol-Caesarea, Isle of sand, Cherchel in Algeria

’ y k s m = Icosium, Isle of the owls, Algiers in Algeria

’ y m r = Marion on Cyprus

’ y ‘ r  m = Isle of the trees, not exactly located

’ y n k = isle of/near Arwad? In Syria

’ y n n = isle of Melite, Malta

’ y n Ṣ m = Enosim, isle of the hawks, Isola di San Pietro in Sardinia

’ y r n m = Cossura, Isle of the wine, Pantelleria

’ y r ‘ š = isle of the earthquakes, not exactly located

’ y t n m = isle of the Dragons in Tunisia near Sousse?

’ k z b = Akzib, Ekdippa, ez-Zib in Galilea

’ k š p = Akshaph, Exope in Galilea

’ l s = Ullasa, Orthosia, Ard Artusi in Lebanon

’ l š y = Alasia, Cyprus

’ l t b r š = Altiburos, Médéina in Tunisia

’ n = Heliopolis, El-Matariyé in Egypt

’ n n = Melite, Malta

’ s = Ushu, PalaeTyrus, ….. in Lebanon

’ p ’ = Hippo Zarythos, Bizerte in Tunisia

’ p w n = Hippo Regius, al-Annaba in Algeria

’ p q = Aphaka/e, Afqa in Lebanon

’ q n m = Ycnim in Tripolitania

’ r w d = Arwad, Arados, Ruad in Syria

’ r k = Eryx, Erice on Sicily

’ r Ṣ  r š p m = land of Rešeph near Sidon in Lebanon

’ š b n = district of Sidon in Lebanon

’ š l y t = Zili, Dchar Jedid in Morroco

’ š q l n = Askalon, Ashkalon, Tall Asqalan/Tell en Hadra in Palestine

’ š r = Assoer, Assyria in Northern Iraq

’ t g = Ituke, Utica in Tunisia

’ t r = Wahliya, Tripolis, Trablus in Lebanon

B ’ = ? unknown settlement

B ’ r – g ’ = Bergê, Birgi in Lebanon

B ’ r Ṣ t = Byrsa in Carthage in Lebanon

B ’ r t = Biru, Berytos, Bairut in Lebanon

B z n t y = Byzantium, Constantnopel, Istanbul in Turkey

B b ‘ l = Bulla Regia, Hamman Daragi in Tunisia

B y l n = ? Bilan in North-Africa, not exactly located

B y l n ‘ ’ n = Bailon, Bolonia in Spain

B s ’ n = Bosa in Sardinia

B ‘ l  r ’ š = Baal Rus, Mount Carmel or Ras en-Naqura in Galilea or Lebanon

B ‘l  Ṣ p n = Baal Saphon, Djebel el-Aqra in Turkey

B t  b t n = Bit Beten, Batnai in Israel

B t  g š m = Bit Gisimeia in Lebanon

B t  z t = Bit Zit, Zaita in Lebanon

B t ‘ n = Bitia, Chia in Sardinia

B t  Ṣ p r = Bit Supur, Ornithopolis ? in Lebanon

B t  R m = Bitirume in Lebanon

G b l = Gubal, Byblos, Jubayl in Lebanon

G b l = Gambula in Lebanon

G d r = Gadir, Gades, Cadiz in Spain

G w = Khirbat al-Tayyiba ? in Lebanon

G w l = Gaulus, Gozzo near Malta

G y ’ = the valley, Porphyréôn, el-Giyé in Lebanon

G n g n = Gunugu, Gouraya (Qubba of Sidi Brahim) in Algeria

G ‘ l = Gales, Jabal Mansur (Hr.el-Kharrouba) in Tunisia

D’ r = Dor, Dora, Khirbat el-Burj in Israel

D l h y m = Dalaimme, door to the sea near Trabulus in Lebanon

D l ḥ m s = Abu Simbel in Egypt

W y ‘t = Oea, Atrabulus in Tripolitania

Z m r = Zimarra, Zimrin in Syria

ḥ l d ’ = Hildua, Hekdua, Haldi in Lebanon

ḥ m n = Hamon, Umm al-Awamid in Lebanon

ḥ r m n y m = Hermon Yam, Hermonim, mountain Hermon in Syria

ṭ ṭ y = Zitha in Tunisia

ṭ p ‘ t n = Tipasa on the coast of Algeria

ṭ p ‘ t n =  Tipasa, Tiffech in interior in Algeria

ṭ p Ṣ r = Thysdrus, Thisdra, El Jem in Tunesia

y p = Yapo, Joppe, Jaffa in Israel

y š ’ y m = Isihimme near Trabulus in Lebanon

y š r ‘ l = Isir’il, land Israel

y t n = Yaton, Ithanos, isle near Crete

k y š r y = Pyrgi, Cisra, Caere, Cerverteri in Italy

k k b = Kakabé, colony of Sidon in North-Africa

k m ’ = Camerata in Algeria

k m b = Kambé, colony of Sidon in North-Africa

k n ‘ n = Kinahnu, Kanaan, Kanaan (Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria)

k p r ’ = Kaphra, Kaphara, Solus in Sicily

k r ṭ n = Cirta, Constantine, Qustantiniyya in Algeria

k r l y = Karales, Cagliari in Sardinia

k r m = Charmis in Sardinia, not exactly located

k r m l = Karmel mountain in Israel

k r s y m = Corsen (people on Corsica and North-Sardinia)

k š (y) = Land Kusj in the south of Egypt

k š y = Cissi, Cape Djenet on the Algerian coast

k š p n = Kaspuna in Lebanon, not exactly located

k t (n) = Kition, Larnake on Cyprus

l ’ d k = Laodike, Bairut in Lebanon

l ’ d k = Laodike, Latakia in Syria

l ’ t g = Olontigi in Andakusia (Spain), not exactly located

l b n n = the mountain-range Lebanon

l b t = Libnat in Galilea (Israel)

l (w) b (y m) = Libyans (people)

l p ṭ, l p š, l p t = Lapethos, Lapithos on Cyprus

l k š = Lixus, near Larache  in Morocco

l p q y = Leptis magna in Tripoliania

m d d m = Middidi, Hansir Meded in Tunisia

m g d l = Magdol, Tell Farama in Egypt

m g d l = Mogador, Essaouira in Morocco

m g n = Magon, Port Mahon on Menorca

m d y = Mayday, Meden (people) in Iran

m ḥ l b = Mahaleb, Kh.al-Mahalib in Lebanon

m ṭ w ’ = Motya, San Pantaleo on Siciliy

m k t’ r m = Mactar, Maktar in Tunisia

m l k ’ = Malaka, Malaca, Malaga in Spain

m n p = Memphis in Egypt

m’y n – ‘ k = Mainake in Spain, not exactly located

m  ‘ q r = Macaraea in North-Africa, not exactly located

m ‘ r b = Marubbu, Marob, Adlun in Lebanon

m s ‘ (t) = Missua, Sidi Douad in Tunisia

m ‘ r t = Megara, city-quarter of Carthage in Tunisia

m q m  ḥ d š = Maqom Hadesj, Macomades in 6 places in North-Africa an Sardinia

m q n = Miqne in Tripolitania

m r t = Marathus, Amrit in Syria

m š l y (y) m = Massilians (people) in North-Africa

n r n k = Narnaka, Larnaka-tis-Lapithou on Cyprus

s h r w = near Abu Simbel

s l k y = Sulky, Sulcis, San Antioco at Sardinia

s l ‘ = Solous and Soloeis on Sicily and Morocco

s ‘ l t = Sala, Sella in Morocco

s r ’ ‘ = Sarai in North-Africa, not exactly identified

s t = Suthul in North-Africa, not exactly identified

‘ b d r n = Abdera, Adra in Spain

‘ b r  l s p t = Unidentified trans-riverine region in Libanon/Syria

‘ k = Akko, Acco, Tall al-Fukhhar in Galilea

‘ l p t ’ = Alipota, Ras Botria in Tunisia

‘ n  y d l l = source of Ydlal, east of Sidon in Lebanon

‘ n y m = well at the seaside near Tripoli in Lebanon

‘ p r = Ophir, Yemen?, country in South-Arabia

P ‘ r = Paar: city in Cilicia (Turkey) and region around Lapithou (Cyprus)

P p = Paphos, Kouklia on Cyprus

P t = Put (Phoenicia)

P n (y) m = people (Phoenicians)

Ṣ b r (‘) t n = Sabratha, Sabrata in Tripolitania

Ṣ d n = Sidon in Lebanon

Ṣ d n  ’ r Ṣ  y m = Sidon at the seaside in Lebanon

Ṣ d n  š d = district of Sidon in Lebanon

Ṣ y Ṣ = Panormus, Palermo on Sicily

Ṣ k Ṣ = Seks, Almunecar in Spain

Ṣ r = Sur, Tyrus in Lebanon

Ṣ r p t = Sarepta, Sarafand in Lebanon

Q y r = Cercina, Kerkenna, isles before Tunisia

Q r m n = Qerrumin, Tall Abu Hawam in Galilea

Q r n = Carne, Qarnun in Syria

Q r n = Cornus, Santa Caterina di Pittinuri on Sardinia

Q r t  ḥ d š t = Qart Hadasjt, Carthage in Tunisia

Q r t m = Qartem, Qartimme in Lebanon

Q r t  š m š = Qart Sjemesj, Heliopolis in Egypt

R ’ m y = Rome in Italy

R ’ m ‘ n  ‘ = Roman (people).

R ’ š = Rus, Arsuz in Turkey

R ’ š b y = Ruspe, Ras Baalyaton, Ras Kaboudia in Tunisia

R ’ š ’ d r = Rusadir, Melilla in Morocco

R ’ š  ’ š m n = Rus Esjmun, Rusucmon, Cape Farina in Tunisia

R ’ š b s = Rusibis, El-Djadida in Morocco

R ’ š  g ’ n = Rus guniae, Cape Matifou in Algeria

R (’) š – (h) k d = Rusicade, Skikda in Algeria

R ’ š – h q r = Rusuccuru, Dellys in Algeria

R ’ š  k b r = Rus Kabir, Great Cape in Algeria

R ’ š  b k r = Rusibiccari, Mers el-Hajaja in Algeria

R ’ š  M l q r t = Rus Melqart, Heraclea minoa on Sicily

R ’ š p n (t) = Ruspina, Monastir in Tunisia

R ’ š  ‘z = Rusazus, Cape Corbelin in Algeria

R ’ š  š i g a n = Rachgoun in Algeria

R ’ š  š p r = Rus sipper, Cape Tedless in Algeria

Š b ’ = Sheba, Saba in south Arabia

Š d  k š = land of Kusj, Nubia south of Egypt

Š d  l b m = land of the Libyans in North-Africa

Š d  n r n k = land of Narnaka around Lapethos on Cyprus

Š d  p ‘ r = land of Paar around Lapethos on Cyprus

Š d  š r n = land of Sharon in Israel

Š w q = Zouchis in Tunisia

Š y g ‘ n = Siga, Takembrit in Algeria

š l b n = Salviana in North-Africa, not identified

š l t = -> ’ š l t

š m r n = Samaria in Palestine

š m š – ’ m r n = Samsimuruna, maybe: Amurru in Syria

š r d n = Sardinia

T b g g = Thugga, Dougga in Tunisia

T b r b š y = Tubursicum, Teboursouk in Algeria

T b r k ‘ n = Thabraca, Tabarka in Tunisia

T g Ṣ p = Tigisis, Ain el Bordj in Algeria

T g r n = Tagura in Tripolitania

T w n Ṣ n = Tunizia, El Kala in Tunisia

T ḥ p n ḥ s = Tahpanhes, Daphnae, Tall el-Dafna in Egypt

T m d’ t = Tamuda, Oued Martil in Morocco

T m k y = Timici in North-Africa

T m š = Temessu, Tamassos on Cyprus

T n g ’ = Tingis, Tanger in Morocco

T n s m t = Thinissut, Bir bou Rekba in Tunisia

T ‘ y n t = Thaena, hr.Thyna in Tunisia

T p s r = Thapsus, Ras Dimasse in Tunisia

T r š = Etrusk (people in Italia)

T r š š = Tarsis in Spain and/or Sardinia

T š k ‘ t = Thusca, Djebel Massoudj in Tunisia

Conclusion : There are c.200 places, regions and peoples mentioned with the Phoenician, Punic of Neo-Punic names, sometimes derived from another language. Under those 200 names there are c.135 settlements, that are founded or occupied by the Phoenicians or Punics. The total amount of Phoenician and Punic settlements is much higher, but we don’t know the Phoenician, Punic or Neo-Punic name of those.

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